Zinc Pyrithione for Hair: Benefits and How to Use It

By
Caitlin Duggan
caitlin duggan headshot
Caitlin Duggan
Caitlin is a contributing writer for Byrdie where she covers all things hair, from scalp health to the latest color trends.
Byrdie's Editorial Guidelines
Updated on 04/10/22
Medically reviewed by
Onyeka Obioha, MD
Onyeka Obioha MD
Medically reviewed by Onyeka Obioha, MD
Onyeka Obioha, MD is an LA-based board certified dermatologist and fellow of the American Academy of Dermatology, as well as a member of the Skin of Color Society.
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In This Article

Benefits Hair Type Considerations How to Use
The Best Products with Zinc Pyrithione Frequently Asked Questions

One of the most obvious signs of scalp health imbalance is flakes. Almost anyone can relate to the panic of discovering flaky white fallout—of course, on a day that you've decided to wear a dark-colored top. While flakes can be caused by a number of issues, one of the most common culprits is dandruff. Treatments for dandruff range from over-the-counter shampoos to dermatologist-prescribed creams, but almost all of these products have an ingredient in common: zinc pyrithione.

What is Zinc Pyrithione?

Zinc pyrithione is a coordination complex of zinc and pyrithione that is commonly found in dandruff treatments due to its antifungal, antimicrobial, and antibacterial properties, which fight the source of dandruff flakes and itch.


Scanning the ingredient list of almost any dandruff remedy you are sure to see zinc pyrithione (or pyrithione zinc, as it is also called) listed as one of the active ingredients. But is this popular ingredient deserving of its ubiquity in the haircare aisle? We turned to Dendy Engelman, MD, FACMS, FAAD and Marisa Garshick, MD, along with certified trichologist William Gaunitz, FWTS for answers.

Meet the Expert

  • Dendy Engelman, MD, FACMS, FAAD, is a a board-certified dermatologic surgeon in New York and a member of the Byrdie Beauty & Wellness Review Board.
  • Marisa Garshick, MD, is a board-certified dermatologist and clinical assistant professor at Cornell.
  •  William Gaunitz, FWTS, is a certified trichologist and founder of Advanced Trichology.

"Zinc pyrithione works as an antifungal, thereby reducing the amount of fungus which can trigger inflammation and scaling, which may be seen clinically as dandruff," Garshick explains. Zinc pyrithione may also provide benefits to your face, as it can also be used to treat pityrosporum folliculitis (fungal acne) and a condition due to yeast on the skin known as tinea versicolor, according to Garshick.

Zinc Pyrithione for Hair

Type of ingredient: Antifungal, antimicrobial, and antibacterial properties

Main benefits: Treats dandruff, soothes scalp irritation, regulates oil production, and prevents itching.

Who should use it: Zinc pyrithione is best for those experiencing dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis, which may be associated with an oily scalp. It is best to consult a dermatologist to determine the cause of your scalp flakes or irritation before beginning the use of zinc pyrithione.

How often can you use it: Shampoos containing zinc pyrithione can be used daily and those individuals dealing with seborrheic dermatitis or dandruff are often advised to cleanse daily. If the scalp is dry, it is okay to use a zinc pyrithione shampoo two to three days per week and a non-medicated shampoo on the alternating days.

Works well with: Selenium sulfide, another ingredient commonly found in dandruff shampoos that is stronger than zinc pyrithione. Additionally, some individuals may alternate with other anti-dandruff ingredients such as ketoconazole, an antifungal ingredient.

Don’t use with: There are no known ingredients that negatively interfere with zinc pyrithione, however, it is advised that you speak to a medical professional before using if you are pregnant or nursing.

Benefits of Zinc Pyrithione for Hair

The benefits of zinc pyrithione extend beyond the skin of the scalp. By improving the health of the scalp, the health of the hair benefits as well. Zinc pyrithione has the power to treat a variety of issues, including dandruff, itchiness, acne, and scalp psoriasis by targeting the yeast/fungus that is causing the problem, Engelman explains.

  • Fights dandruff-causing fungus: The antifungal, antimicrobial, and antibacterial properties stop dandruff at its source. "Zinc pyrithione is naturally anti-inflammatory and is also antifungal and antibacterial," says Gaunitz. "Since dandruff is caused directly by an excessive amount of fungus and yeast living on the scalp, by adding the zinc pyrithione, you decrease the fungal buildup on the scalp and alleviate the inflammation causing the dandruff."
  • Prevents itching: Dandruff is one of the leading causes of scalp itchiness. By preventing dandruff and eliminating the irritating yeast/fungus that causes it, zinc pyrithione provides itch relief quickly.
  • Regulates oil production: Zinc pyrithione can control the oil production and dandruff often found in those with seborrheic dermatitis.
  • Improves overall scalp health: Dandruff disrupts the health of the scalp by clogging follicles with flakes and by causing inflammation and irritation. Zinc pyrithione is able to improve the overall health of the scalp by preventing and treating dandruff.
  • Promotes hair growth: Zinc pyrithione has the potential to impact hair growth. "Since a number of thinning hair and hair loss concerns are related to the scalp, zinc pyrithione can help clear dead skin cells or conditions that prevent hair growth (clogged hair follicles, psoriasis, etc.) and thus promote fuller, healthier hair," says Engelman. Garshick agrees and points out a study that showed that daily use of 1 percent pyrithione zinc shampoo over 26 weeks showed an improvement in hair growth.
  • Improves overall appearance of hair: The overall appearance of the hair is heavily influenced by the oiliness of the scalp and the thickness of the hair. By regulating oil production and encouraging new growth, zinc pyrithione can boost the overall appearance of the hair.

Hair Type Considerations

Our experts agree that zinc pyrithione is safe for all hair types, but would be most beneficial for those who are experiencing dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, or other scalp conditions that are aggravated by fungus/yeast. There are now some formulations of shampoos and topical scalp products that include zinc pyrithione along with hydrating and moisturizing ingredients that would be better for those with dry or color-treated hair. If you don't have dandruff or other scalp conditions, it is best to skip the products with zinc pyrithione. "The only downside is that it could ultimately dry out the hair and scalp slightly and upset a healthier scalp microbiome if there is no dandruff or inflammation," says Gaunitz.

It is always best to speak with a medical professional to evaluate the scalp and determine the best course of treatment. For those with dry or sensitive skin, it is best to slowly incorporate zinc pyrithione into a routine and use caution as some dryness and irritation may occur, Garshick explains. Engelman cautions that it is best to speak to a medical professional if you are pregnant or nursing before using zinc pyrithione.

How to Use Zinc Pyrithione for Hair

Zinc pyrithione is easily found in many drugstore and supermarket shampoo products. There are also leave-in treatments available from retail haircare lines. Depending on the severity of your condition, your dermatologist may recommend a stronger treatment that may need a prescription.

  • Use as an anti-dandruff shampoo: Zinc pyrithione is most often found in anti-dandruff shampoos. For best results, you should wet hair and massage the shampoo into your scalp. Let it sit for approximately one minute (or as instructed on the shampoo label) before shampooing the rest of your hair and then rinse out. According to Garshick, usage will depend on the sensitivity and state of your scalp. "While many shampoos containing zinc pyrithione can be used daily, I typically recommend using it at least two to three times per week. For some individuals dealing with seborrheic dermatitis or dandruff, I often recommend washing the scalp daily or every other day to help eliminate the build-up of oils or dead skin, which may contribute to scaling or flaking. If someone is concerned about dryness of the scalp, it is okay to use a zinc pyrithione shampoo a few days per week and a non-medicated shampoo on the alternating days."
  • Use as a hydrating conditioner: Conditioners with zinc pyrithione can help fight dandruff, itch and flaking, while also restoring balance to the scalp and providing hydration. After shampooing, massage the conditioner into your scalp and hair and cover with a shower cap. Leave on for 3 minutes and wash out. Follow the instructions on the label for best results.
  • Relieve itch and flakes with a serum: Serums with zinc pyrithione are great to use for those with oily scalps or severe flaking and dandruff. Apply the serum to the scalp in between washes to help with itch and flakes. Follow the directions on the product, but most can be applied several times a day.
  • Apply as a scalp soothing leave-in cream: If your scalp tends to get dry, a leave-in cream is often more soothing and moisturizing than a serum. The creams are often infused with hydrating products like vitamin E and argan oil to protect and moisturize, while the zinc pyrithione relieves dandruff, itch and irritation. 

The Best Products with Zinc Pyrithione

head and shoulders
Head & Shoulders Clinical Moisturizing Scalp Cream $9.00

Garshick recommends Head & Shoulders Clinical Moisturizing Scalp Cream. This no-rinse formula is a great choice for someone looking for a leave-in medicated option to help reduce dryness and flaking. It contains zinc pyrithione to help treat dry scalp, while the manuka honey in the formula hydrates. It can be used one to four times daily and is meant to be used in between washing. 

Nioxin
Nioxin Scalp Recovery Anti-Dandruff System Kit $46.00
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This complete system includes a zinc pyrithione-containing shampoo, conditioner, and serum which work together to improve not just dryness on the scalp but also overall hair health, leaving hair looking thicker and fuller. Additionally, it has been shown to reduce hair breakage associated with itching and dandruff, Garshick explains.

First Aid Beauty Anti Dandruff Shampoo
First Aid Beauty Anti-Dandruff Shampoo $30.00
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First Aid Beauty’s Anti-Dandruff Shampoo is a sulfate-free formula that contains 1% zinc pyrithione to help with itch, flakes and scalp irritation, while the vitamin E and Calendula leaves your hair shiny and smooth.

Jupiter Scalp Serum
Jupiter Restoring Serum $25.00
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Jupiter Restoring Serum fights dandruff and scalp irritation. This serum is sulfate, paraben and phthalate-free and formulated with gentle products to help soothe your scalp. The relaxing scent of mint, vanilla and lavender essential oils leaves you feeling fresh and clean. Apply this serum in between washes up to four times a day for scalp itch and irritation relief. 

Head & Shoulders Classic Clean
Head & Shoulders Classic Clean Dandruff Shampoo $2.00
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Head & Shoulders Classic Clean Anti-Dandruff shampoo is a bestselling product with zinc pyrithione as it is effective and budget-friendly. It fights dandruff, itch and inflammation, while leaving your hair soft and shiny. 

FAQ
  • Is it safe to use zinc pyrithione every day?

    Gaunitz says that when using it in a shampoo, it can be used up to five times per week for the first one to two weeks. “It then should be reduced down to a maximum of two to three times a week thereafter until the dandruff is under control,” he says.

  • How long does it take for dandruff shampoo to work?

    You should see some improvement with scalp itching and flakes after the first few washes. It will often take a week or two of consistent use before you see significant improvement in flakes, depending on the severity of your dandruff. If you don’t see improvement after 4-6 weeks, try switching dandruff shampoos or talk to your doctor about a prescription strength shampoo.

  • In addition to zinc pyrithione, what are other active ingredients that treat dandruff?

    If products with zinc pyrithione aren’t improving your dandruff, it may help to switch to products that contain other active ingredients. Selenium sulfide, ketoconazole and tar-based shampoos have all been shown to effectively treat dandruff.

Article Sources
Byrdie takes every opportunity to use high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial guidelines to learn more about how we keep our content accurate, reliable and trustworthy.

  1. Schwartz JR. Zinc pyrithione: a topical antimicrobial with complex pharmaceutics. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(2):140-144.

  2. Berger RS, Fu JL, Smiles KA, et al. The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149(2):354-362.

  3. Dandruff (For teens) - Nemours Kidshealth.

  4. What is the best way to treat severe dandruff? Harvard Health.

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